According to the energy transfer formula E = I V t, which factors affect the energy transferred?

According to the energy transfer formula E = I V t, which factors affect the energy transferred?

• A. Current, voltage, and time
• B. Only current
• C. Only voltage
• D. Only time

Answer: (A)

Energy transferred comes from multiplying three quantities: the current in amperes, the voltage in volts, and the time in seconds. The reason is that power, which is the rate at which energy is transferred, is P = IV. The total energy over a duration t is E = Pt = IVt. So all three factors matter: more current, higher voltage, or longer time all increase the energy transferred. For example, at 12 V and 2 A for 10 s, E = 12 × 2 × 10 = 240 J. Doubling any one of the factors doubles the energy (keeping the others the same). If any factor were zero, no energy would be transferred.

Energy transferred comes from multiplying three quantities: the current in amperes, the voltage in volts, and the time in seconds. The reason is that power, which is the rate at which energy is transferred, is P = IV. The total energy over a duration t is E = Pt = IVt. So all three factors matter: more current, higher voltage, or longer time all increase the energy transferred. For example, at 12 V and 2 A for 10 s, E = 12 × 2 × 10 = 240 J. Doubling any one of the factors doubles the energy (keeping the others the same). If any factor were zero, no energy would be transferred.